James  Hope  Moulton 


DUKE  UNIVERSITY  LIBRARY 
DURHAM,  N.  C. 


AMES  HOPE  MOULTON 

I863-I9I7 


1.  A  BIOGRAPHICAL  'SKETCH,  WITH  SOME  ACCOUNT 

OF   HIS   LITERARY  LEGACIES.     By  the   Rev.  W. 

FlDDIAX   MOULTON,  M.A, 

2.  A  RECORD  OF  PROFESSOR  J.  H.  MOULTOX'S  WORK, 

WITH  SOME  EXPLANATION  OF  ITS  SIGNIFICANCE. 
By  Professor  A,  S.  Peake,  M.A.,  D.D. 

3.  LETTER  FROM  DR.  RENDEL  HARRIS  TO  THE  REV, 

W.  FlDDIAX  MOULTOX 


Reprinted  from  "The  Bulletin  of  the  fohn  Ry lands  Library" 
Vol  4,  No.  I,  April- August,  191 7 


ANCHESTER:  THE  UNIVERSITY  PRESS,  12  [LIME  GROVE,  OXFORD 
OAD.  LONGMANS,  GREEN  &  CO.,  39  PATERNOSTER  ROW,  LONDON, 
.C,  NEW  YORK,  BOMBAY,  CALCUTTA,  AND  MADRAS.  BERNARD 
UARITCH,  11  GRAFTON  STREET,  LONDON,  W.  MCMXVII 


Digitized  by  the  Internet  Archive 
in  2015 


https://archive.org/details/jameshopemoulton01moul 


JAMES  HOPE  MOULTON 
1863-1917 


JAMES  HOPE  MOULTON 

I863-I9I7 


1.  A  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCH,  WITH  SOME  ACCOUNT 

OF   HIS   LITERARY  LEGACIES.     By  the   Rev.  W. 

FlDDIAN  MOULTON,  M.A. 

2.  A  RECORD  OF  PROFESSOR  J.  H.  MOULTON'S  WORK, 

WITH  SOME  EXPLANATION  OF  ITS  SIGNIFICANCE. 
By  Professor  A.  S.  Peake,  M.A.,  D.D. 

3.  LETTER  FROM  DR.  RENDEL  HARRIS  TO  THE  REV. 

W.  FlDDIAN  MOULTON 


Reprinted  from  "The  Bulletin  of  the  fohn  Ry  lands  Library" 
Vol.  4,  No.  1,  April- August,  191 7 


MANCHESTER:  THE  UNIVERSITY  PRESS,  12  LIME  GROVE,  OXFORD 
ROAD.  LONGMANS,  GREEN  &  CO.,  39  PATERNOSTER  ROW,  LONDON, 
E.C.,  NEW  YORK,  BOMBAY,  CALCUTTA,  AND  MADRAS.  BERNARD 
QUARITCH,  11  GRAFTON  STREET,  LONDON,  W.  MCMXVII 


\ 


no- 1 

jot.  / 

JAMES  HOPE  MOULTON. 
1863-1917. 

1;  A  BIOGRAPHICAL  SKETCH,  WITH  SOME  ACCOUNT 
OF  HIS  LITERARY  LEGACIES. 

By  the  Rev.  W.  FIDDIAN  MOULTON,  MA. 

THE  sad  tragedy  of  7th  April  has  appealed  with  force  to  very 
many,  very  varied,  and  very  scattered  communities.  Even  those 
who  are  most  disposed  to  condone  anything  that  is  German 
cannot  escape  the  feeling  that  there  is  something  here  which  it  is  not  easy 
to  defend — witness  Deissmann's  plea  concerning  "  crossing  the  for- 
bidden zone  "  :  while  to  those  who  are  English  in  spirit  as  well  as  in 
nationality  the  whole  proceeding  stands  out  as  conspicuously  criminal, 
and  pathetically  wasteful.  Scholarship,  religion,  politics,  friendship — 
these  and  other  spheres  are  left  sadly  poorer  ;  and  from  all  parts  of 
the  world  and  from  all  classes  of  the  community  have  poured  in  ex- 
pressions of  affection  and  esteem. 

It  is  doubtless  because  of  Dr.  J.  H.  Moulton's  close  connection 
with  the  mission  of  the  John  Rylands  Library  that  Mr.  Guppy  de- 
sired to  place  on  the  permanent  records  of  the  Library  some  reference 
to  him  :  and  I  suppose  it  was  because  I  had  known  him  longest  that 
Mr.  Guppy  turned  to  me  !  I  take  up  the  melancholy  service  without 
any  reluctance,  for  I  know  full  well  how  near  the  Library  was  to  my 
brother's  heart.  He  frequented  it  both  as  reader  and  as  Governor  ; 
and  it  was  probably  because  he  was  the  former  that  he  took  so  seriously 
his  duties  and  privileges  as  the  latter.  To  him  it  would  seem  no  ex- 
aggeration or  misuse  of  terms  to  speak  of  the  mission  of  the  John 
Rylands  Library  ;  for  to  him  the  Library  was  a  personality  clearly 
marked,  and  entrusted  with  no  ordinary  responsibilities  and  oppor- 
tunities in  respect  of  the  world  of  scholarship. 

There  are  certain  legends  current  that  my  gifted  brother  lisped 

3 


P4446 1 


4  THE  JOHN  RYLANDS  LIBRARY 


Greek  at  three  and  passed  from  accidence  to  syntax  before  he  was 
five  :  and  although  no  one  is  asked  to  accept  these  as  sober  statements 
of  fact,  they  are  at  any  rate  suggestive  of  the  truth.  He  was  no  infant 
prodigy,  but  the  instinct  for  studiousness  and  the  acquisition  of  learning 
manifested  itself  unusually  early,  and  became  richly  fruitful  at  an  age 
when  the  majority  of  boys  have  found  no  time  to  be  serious,  except 
concerning  sport.  At  sixteen  he  took  high  Honours  in  the  London 
Matriculation  Examination  ;  at  eighteen  he  took  an  Entrance  Scholar- 
ship of  £70  in  Classics  at  King's  College,  Cambridge  ;  and  before  he 
was  twenty-three  he  had  taken  a  First  both  in  Part  I  of  the  Classical 
Tripos  and  in  E  of  Part  II,  that  field  of  philological  study  which  after- 
wards he  made  so  conspicuously  his  own.  All  these  were  achieve- 
ments which  would  have  been  impossible  for  anyone  who  viewed  life 
lightly  and  took  things  easily.  He  only  accomplished  these  things  by 
strenuous  and  unremitting  application  ;  and  therein  he  laid  the  only 
possible  foundation  for  the  abounding  service  of  later  years.  There 
comes  to  my  mind  a  striking  indication  of  the  trend  of  his  disposition, 
all  the  more  significant  because  it  was  so  largely  unconscious.  When 
he  was  fifteen  he  sent  his  first  contributions  to  the  "  Leys  Fortnightly," 
the  magazine  of  his  school.  It  does  not  matter  much  that  the  subject 
was  "  Milton's  Minor  Poems  " — rather  an  unusual  type  of  subject  for  a 
first  effort  in  print  :  but  what  does  matter  is  that  they,  like  all  his  later 
contributions  to  that  magazine,  bore  the  signature  ArAN.  At  that 
early  age  when  to  most  the  world  is  a  playground  and  life  a  game,  he 
intuitively  dropped  upon  a  nom-de -plume  betokening  strenuousness  of 
effort :  and  he  remained  ArAN  to  the  end.  On  the  football  field 
and  on  the  track  he  ran  fast,  very  fast  ;  on  the  cricket  field  he  bowled 
very  fast,  with  a  curious  action  which  made  him  very  awkward  on  a 
bad  wicket — and  with  a  hostile  umpire  ;  at  La  Crosse,  of  which  he 
was  very  fond,  he  could  race  round  most  of  the  men  in  the  field,  and 
perhaps  used  his  speed  sometimes  when  it  would  have  been  better  to 
pass  the  ball.  But  wherever  he  was  and  whatever  he  was  doing  he 
was  intense  and  strenuous  about  it  all :  he  played  many  things — very 
many,  anything  indeed  that  was  going — but  he  never  played  at  any- 
thing, and  this  note  remained  with  him  to  the  very  end.  Indeed,  one 
kind  and  appreciative  friend,  a  seasoned  Anglo-Indian,  who  entertained 
him  several  times  in  India,  considers  that,  had  there  been  less  pace, 
and  more  deference  to  the  trying  nature  of  the  Indian  climate,  he  might 


JAMES  HOPE  MOULTON 


5 


have  lived  through  the  strain  of  one  more  day  in  that  open  boat,  and 
have  landed  at  Calvi  with  his  dearly-loved  friend,  so  much  his  senior. 

There  had  never  been  any  doubt  in  his  mind  from  the  first  as  to 
what  direction  he  would  look  to  for  his  life-work.  The  son,  grand- 
son, great-grandson,  great- great- grandson  of  Wesleyan  preachers  it 
was  natural  that  he  should  have  that  bias  within  his  nature  ;  and 
he  was  still  a  boy  at  school  when  he  preached  his  first  sermon  one 
Sunday  afternoon  in  the  little  Wesleyan  Chapel  at  Waterbeach,  the 
village  which  will  always  be  remembered  as  the  sphere  of  C.  H. 
Spurgeon's  first  pastorate.  He  was  accepted  as  a  candidate  for  the 
Wesleyan  Methodist  ministry  in  1 886,  and  succeeded  the  Rev.  Ed- 
ward Brentnall  as  Chaplain  at  The  Leys,  and  ministerial  assistant  to 
Dr.  Moulton.  This  "  composite  post  " — ministerial,  educational,  and 
quasi- academic — was  a  magnificent  opening  for  him  ;  and,  it  may  be 
added,  for  others  as  well,  seeing  that  James  Hope  Moulton  always 
gave  what  he  got,  and  only  got  in  order  that  he  might  give,  of  the 
riches  of  learning.  The  sixteen  years  thus  spent  were  of  the  highest 
value  from  the  point  of  view  of  his  later  service.  They  were  the 
formative  period  of  his  life  ;  and  if  there  were  drawbacks — he  always 
found  the  disciplinary  and  administrative  side  of  a  master's  life  some- 
what  irksome — there  were  abundant  compensations.  He  was  in 
Cambridge ;  and  no  one  who  knows  the  two  ancient  University 
centres  will  need  to  be  told  that  there  is  something  unique  about  life 
there.  During  those  years  he  was  in  close  touch  with  the  life  of  the 
University  and  particularly  of  his  own  college,  of  which  he  was  made 
a  Fellow,  at  a  time,  moreover,  when  two  of  the  most  outstanding  men 
in  the  college  life  were  Professor  Westcott  and  Professor  H.  E.  Ryle. 
Further,  it  is  not  probably  claiming  a  whit  too  much  to  say  that  colla- 
boration with  his  own  father  was  in  itself  a  liberal  education.  It  is 
easy  to  see  that  his  yearning  for  Christian  service,  his  deepening 
interest  in  Greek  Testament  study,  his  convictions  as  to  Foreign  Mis- 
sions-— these  and  many  other  factors  in  his  spiritual  and  mental  make- 
up are  distinctly  traceable  to  the  fact  of  his  having  enjoyed  peculiarly 
close  association  with  his  father  at  just  the  most  susceptible  and  forma- 
tive period  of  life.  Sometimes  he  looked  out  a  little  wistfully  at  wider 
fields,  wondering  whether  he  was  doing  his  best  with  his  life  by  stay- 
ing at  The  Leys.  "  Here  I  am,"  he  once  said  to  me,  "  nearly  forty, 
and  have  not  done  a  thing  !    Why,  father  was  on  the  New  Testa- 


6  THE  JOHN  RYLANDS  LIBRARY 


ment  Revision  Company  before  he  was  thirty-six  !  "  Yes,  but  it  is 
easy  to  see  now — especially  so  for  him — that  that  formative  period 
was  of  priceless  value,  and  that  the  rich  and  brilliant  usefulness  of  his 
later  career  was  conditioned  by  it.  And  mention  must  be  made  of 
two  acquisitions  in  the  sphere  of  friendship  which  belong  to  that  period. 
One  was  Professor  E.  B.  Cowell,  with  whom  he  came  into  close  contact 
when  working  for  Part  II  of  the  Classical  Tripos,  and  who  gave  him 
his  introduction  to  Sanskrit  lore,  and  cognate  studies,  which,  together 
with  Hellenistic  Greek,  have  been  the  field  in  which  he  made  his 
mark  as  a  scholar.  The  other  was  one  about  which  little  must  be 
said  because  so  much  might  be  said.  Suffice  it  to  say  that  during  his 
time  of  residence  at  Kings  the  Rev.  G.  R.  Osborn,  son  of  Dr.  George 
Osborn,  who  was  colleague  of  Dr.  Moulton's  in  the  old  Richmond 
days,  came  as  Superintendent  Minister  to  Cambridge.  The  friendship 
between  the  brilliant  young  classic  and  Mr.  Osborn's  elder  daughter 
ripened  into  a  union  of  uninterrupted  blessedness  and  joy — shadowed 
yet  sanctified  by  bereavements — which  lasted  for  close  on  twenty-five 
years :  and  Dr.  Rendel  Harris  was  probably  right  when  he  referred 
to  "  superior  spiritual  attractions  " — wife  and  two  children  having 
passed  over  in  front — as  lessening  his  power  of  resistance  at  the  last. 

Manchester  gave  my  brother  his  chance,  for  it  gave  him  the  call 
to  one  field  without  having  to  give  up  the  other.  While  at  The  Leys 
Dr.  Welldon  had  pressed  him  to  take  a  Mastership  at  Harrow,  which 
was  an  offer  full  of  attractiveness.  But  it  would  have  involved  his 
surrendering  the  Wesleyan  Ministry,  so  far  as  any  active  participation 
was  concerned  ;  and  that  he  could  not  and  would  not  do,  for  all  the 
educational  prizes  of  the  country — the  "  Apostolic  Succession  "  to 
which  he  was  proud  to  belong,  forbade  that.  Manchester  gave  him 
the  chance  of  association  with  the  rapidly  developing  activities  of  a 
modern  University  while  making  his  contribution  to  the  educational 
and  pastoral  work  of  his  own  Church.  And  he  took  it  with  joy  and 
thankfulness.  How  he  took  it,  needs  not  to  be  told  here,  for  in  the 
constituency  of  the  John  Rylands  Library  he  is  sufficiently  well  known. 
But  it  may  be  pointed  out  that  the  different  sides  of  his  nature  found 
adequate  and  congenial  fields  of  expression  in  Manchester.  His 
scholarly  instincts,  his  evangelistic  passion,  his  social  sympathies — they 
all  had  free  play  through  the  University,  Didsbury  College,  the  Man- 
chester and  Sal  ford  Mission,  the  pulpits  of  the  city,  the  platforms  of 


JAMES  HOPE  MOULTON 


7 


the  neighbourhood  and  the  columns  of  the  "  Manchester  Guardian 
These  many  activities  made  his  life  a  very  full  one  :  and  there  were 
some  who  maintained  that  he  ought  to  give  up  his  outside  public  work, 
his  temperance  and  political  advocacy,  and  give  himself-  entirely  to 
scholarship.  They  did  not  know  him,  or  they  would  never  have  sug- 
gested what  would  have  been  a  negation  of  his  very  personality.  He 
could  not  take  his  citizenship  c<  lying  down,"  any  more  than  he  could 
his  religion.  Both  were  extremely  practical  and  serious  things  with 
him — practical  because  serious — and  it  was  needful  for  him  to  be  in 
the  fight. 

While  he  was  thus  engaged  honours  poured  upon  him.  Five  Uni- 
versities conferred  upon  him  various  Doctorates — London,  Durham, 
Edinburgh,  Berlin,  and  Groningen — and  had  he  been  a  member  of 
the  Church  of  England  doubtless  Cambridge  would  have  followed 
suit  ;  but  the  fact  of  his  being  a  Nonconformist  constituted  a  statutoiy 
bar  to  his  receiving  a  Divinity  Degree  from  his  own  University — a 
disability  recently  removed,  in  the  teeth  of  much  bitter  clerical  opposi- 
tion. He  gave  the  Hibbert  Lectures  on  "  Early  Zoroastrianism  "  ; 
the  invitation  to  give  the  Schweich  Lectures  was  forwarded  to  him  so 
as  to  reach  him  on  his  way  home  :  he  gave  the  Fernley  Lecture  on 
"  Religion  and  Religions"  in  connection  with  his  own  Church  ;  and 
numberless  Summer  Schools,  Conferences,  etc.,  in  England,  Ireland, 
and  America  secured  his  services  for  lectures  and  speeches — all  on  the 
top  of  his  normal  work.  But  he  loved  work,  and  was  never  so  happy 
as  when  pouring  out  his  stores  of  learning  in  the  interests  of  those  less 
fortunately  situated  than  himself. 

When  his  great  sorrow  came  in  June,  1915,  we  could  not  help 
feeling  that  the  call  to  India,  which  reached  him  within  a  few  days, 
was  providential.  He  had  longed  to  see  the  Mission  field  ;  the 
particular  sphere  he  was  asked  to  visit  particularly — the  Parsi  com- 
munities— was  one  in  which  he  had  long-standing  interest,  and  a 
unique  chance,  as  being  a  recognized  authority  on  their  religion  ;  the 
depletion  of  the  Colleges  made  it  easy  for  him  to  be  spared  ;  and  the 
void  in  his  own  heart  called  for  work — and,  if  possible,  work  on  new 
ground — as  a  necessary  condition  of  well-being.  So  he  went,  in 
October,  1915:  and  the  rest  is  only  two  well  known. 

Three  characteristics  seem  to  have  struck  those  who  came  in  con- 
tact with  him  ;  and  with  a  brief  mention  of  them  I  must  bring  my 


8  THE  JOHN  RYLANDS  LIBRARY 


tribute  to  a  close.  Firstly,  he  had  the  rare  gift  of  popularizing  scholar-  ^ 
ship,  and  of  presenting  profound  things  in  such  a  way  that  people  lost 
sight  of  the  profundity  in  the  interest  of  the  subject.  His  44  Prolegomena" 
was  a  noticeable  example.  Secondly,  his  scholarship  sat  so  lightly 
upon  him  that  in  ordinary  intercourse  the  man  took  precedence  of  the 
scholar,  and  44  common  people  heard  him  gladly  ".  Thirdly,  he  was 
the  very  soul  of  chivalry — whether  towards  a  downtrodden  nationality, 
or  a  weak  country  church,  or  men  and  women  fallen  on  evil  days — 
and  the  life  of  the  study  never  cut  him  off  from  the  street.  And 
while  his  reputation  down  here  is  to  be  traced  to  the  study,  it  is  more 
than  possible  that  Another  may  be  praising  him  most  for  what  He 
saw  in  the  street.  Be  that  as  it  may,  his  career  gives  some  clue  to 
the  problem  as  to  how  classical  learning  came  to  be  styled  Humanity. 

The  widespread  dismay  and  sympathy  evoked  by  his  tragic  death 
has  been  accompanied  by  much  inquiry  and  speculation  as  to  his 
literary  commitments,  and  the  chance  of  salving,  at  any  rate,  a  part 
of  the  cargo  of  his  life's  work  ;  and,  in  view  of  various  rumours  and 
reports — partly  incomplete  and  partly  inaccurate — which  are  going 
about,  it  may  be  interesting  to  readers  of  the  BULLETIN  of  the  John 
Rylands  Library  to  know  how  the  matter  stands. 

Firstly,  as  to  the  44  Grammar  of  New  Testament  Greek".  It  will 
be  remembered  that  the  first  volume,  the  44  Prolegomena,"  was  issued 
several  years  ago,  and  has  reached  its  fourth  edition.  When  Dr. 
Moulton  left  for  India  he  left  behind  him  the  second  volume,  on  Ac- 
cidence, practically  complete,  and  secure  in  the  publisher's  safe  at 
Edinburgh.  The  last  chapter,  gathering  up  the  main  issues,  remained 
yet  to  be  written,  as  also  an  Appendix  on  Semitisms  which  Professor 
Bedale  had  kindly  consented  to  write.  The  introductory  chapter, 
which  came  to  hand  after  he  left,  may  require  some  additions,  and 
there  are  about  a  dozen  paragraphs,  dotted  about  the  work,  which  are 
not  forthcoming.  They  may  be  found  among  the  piles  of  papers,  as 
yet  unsorted,  at  Didsbury  ;  possibly  the  numbering  of  the  sections  was 
done  at  different  times,  and  there  may  prove  to  be  no  real  gap  in  sub- 
ject matter,  but  only  in  numbers.  At  any  rate,  the  gaps  in  the  work 
are  not  serious.  But,  on  the  other  hand,  it  will  not  be  an  easy  book 
to  see  through  the  press.  The  mere  proof-reading  and  verification  of 
references  will  be  no  light  task,  and  then  there  is  the  obligation  resting 
upon  the  one  who  sees  it  through  to  keep  in  close  and  sympathetic 


JAMES  HOPE  MOULTON 


9 


touch  with  all  the  new  "  light  from  the  East,"  which  will  illustrate, 
elucidate,  and  in  some  details  possibly  correct  the  exegesis  which  it  has 
so  largely  called  into  being.  Dr.  George  MilHgan  had  collaborated 
with  Dr.  Moulton  in  that  branch  of  study,  just  as  their  fathers  colla- 
borated in  the  interpretation  of  the  Fourth  Gospel  thirty  years  ago  ; 
but  other  private  work  rendered  it  impossible  to  look  to  him  to  do  more 
than  assist  in  this  matter  as  adviser  and  referee.  It  was,  therefore, 
thought  best  to  turn  to  one  of  Dr.  Moulton's  own  students,  accustomed 
to  his  methods  and  devoted  to  his  memory,  as  being  the  most  likely 
to  do  this  particular  piece  of  work.  The  Rev.  Wilbert  F.  Howard, 
B.D.,  was  a  post-graduate  student  of  Dr.  Moulton's  in  Hellenistic 
Greek  at  Manchester  University,  as  well  as  being  a  student  of  his  at 
Didsbury,  and  those  who  are  interested  in  the  perpetuation  of  Dr. 
Moulton's  work  will  be  very  thankful  that  one  so  capable  should  have 
consented  to  shoulder  the  burden,  with  the  kindly  and  learned  Scottish 
scholar  as  colleague.  Mr.  Howard  has  three  points  of  contact  with 
the  work  before  starting  upon  his  task,  although  the  decision  to  ask  for 
his  aid  was  arrived  at  in  absolute  ignorance  of  all  three  of  them.  He 
is  brother-in-law  to  Mr.  Bedale,  who  already  has  his  share  in  the  book. 
Further,  when  Dr.  Moulton  left  for  India  he  stored  his  papyri  and 
apparatus  in  Mr.  Bedale's  house — which  we  knew — in  order  that 
Mr.  Howard  might  have  access  to  the  books — which  we  did  not 
know.  Thirdly,  Mr.  Howard's  thesis  for  his  B.D.  Degree  was  upon 
a  "  papyri  topic,"  and  the  examiner  was  Dr.  Milligan,  who  was  so 
favourably  impressed  with  it  that  he  wrote  to  Mr.  Howard  suggesting 
publication,  but  then  completely  forgot  the  name  in  the  intervening 
years,  and  did  not  recognize  who  it  was  that  was  suggeste  d  as  his 
colleague  !  This  really  suggests  Providential  guidance  !  Of  course 
it  will  be  impossible  to  proceed  with  the  work  at  once,  owing  to  the 
shortage  of  skilled  men  in  the  printing  trade  at  present,  and  also  the 
shortage  of  paper.  A  work  with  such  an  infinitude  of  detail  would 
make  great  demands  upon  printers  at  the  best  of  times,  and  to-day  no 
firm  would  look  at  it  ;  while  its  size  would  demand  a  large  supply  of 
paper  of  a  quality  suitable  for  taking  the  impression  of  the  minutiae  of 
Greek  characters.  Nothing  has  been  finally  decided  upon,  but  Sir 
John  Clark  is  disposed  to  consider  the  feasibility  of  issuing  the  book 
in  four  parts,  which  will  spread  out  over  a  longer  period  both  the  task 
of  setting-up  and  the  consumption  of  paper. 


10  THE  JOHN  RYLANDS  LIBRARY 


With  reference  to  the  "  Vocabulary  of  New  Testament  Greek," 
which  is  entirely  concerned  with  the  contributions  made  to  exegesis  by 
the  papyri  and  other  non-literary  sources,  this  had  from  the  first  been 
a  joint  enterprise  of  the  two  friends,  and  Dr.  Milligan  will  have  now 
to  plough  his  lonely  furrow,  with  whatever  assistance  he  can  obtain 
from  any  who  have  caught  his  inspiration  at  Glasgow,  and  are  thank- 
ful thus  to  repay  some  portion  of  their  debt. 

A  pathetic  interest  attaches  to  the  last  of  Dr.  Moulton's  literary 
legacies,  "  The  Treasure  of  the  Magi,"  in  that  it  was  written  entirely 
in  India,  and  completed  just  before  he  sailed.  There  seems  to  have 
been  in  his  mind  some  haunting  sense  of  uncertainty  as  to  his  future  ; 
else  why  did  he  have  three  copies  of  the  book  typed  and  sent  on 
different  courses  ?  One  remained  in  India  in  the  hands  of  Dr.  Griswold, 
the  joint  editor — with  Dr.  Farquhar  of  Oxford — of  the  series  in  which 
the  book  appears  ;  one  reached  Derby  just  before  the  news  of  the 
tragedy  ;  and  one  is  at  the  bottom  of  the  Mediterranean.  Here,  again, 
the  task  of  preparation  for  the  press  was  one  that  demanded  expert 
knowledge  of  the  very  highest  order  in  a  field  of  learning  greatly 
neglected  in  this  country.  Indeed,  probably  only  two  men  could  be 
said  to  fulfil  the  conditions,  and  one  of  them  was  out  of  the  question 
owing  to  his  advanced  age,  but  the  other,  when  approached  replied  at 
once  that  it  would  be  a  privilege  to  be  allowed  to  do  it.  To  the 
Right  Rev.  Dr.  Casartelli,  Bishop  of  Salford,  we  owe  a  great  debt  of 
gratitude.    The  Oxford  Press  is  publishing. 

Will  there  be  any  Memoir  of  Dr.  Moulton  ?  That  is  a  question 
which  has  been  repeatedly  asked  of  late,  and  the  answer  is  both  Yes 
and  No.  If  by  a  Memoir  is  meant  a  set  Biography,  laid  out  chrono- 
logically and  in  great  detail,  the  answer  is  No,  partly  because  the 
interest  of  his  life  did  not  centre  in  incident,  but  in  influence,  and 
partly  because  certain  material  which  would  be  indispensable  for 
such  a  purpose  cannot  be  found  anywhere,  probably  because  it  is 
with  the  third  copy  of  " The  Treasure  of  the  Magi"  !  But  certainly 
some  account  of  Dr.  Moulton's  career  will  be  forthcoming  before  next 
spring,  all  being  well,  and  some  attempt  will  be  made  to  outline  the 
activities,  to  focus  the  interests,  to  estimate  the  influence  of  one  concern- 
ing whom  so  many  have  written  with  warm  and  grateful  admiration 
from  all  over  the  world.  But,  when  everything  is  done  that  can  be 
done  with  the  printed  page,  the  only  adequate  memoir  is  that  which 


JAMES  HOPE  MOULTON 


is  enshrined  in  the  collective  experience  of  the  many  whom  he  taught, 
and  cheered,  and  strengthened. 

2.  A  RECORD  OF  PROFESSOR  J.  H.  MOULTON'S  WORK, 
WITH  SOME  EXPLANATION  OF  ITS  SIGNIFICANCE. 

By  Professor  A.  S.  PEAKE,  M.A.,  D.D. 

The  tragic  death  of  Professor  James  Hope  Moulton  touches  the 
John  Rylands  Library  very  nearly.  He  had  been  for  several  years  a 
greatly  valued  member  of  the  Council  and  Book  Committee,  and  it  is 
fitting  that  one  who  was  closely  associated  with  him  in  this  work,  who 
was  his  colleague  at  the  University  of  Manchester  and  had  the  privi- 
lege of  long  and  intimate  friendship,  should  give  some  estimate  of  his 
work  in  the  pages  of  our  BULLETIN. 

Dr.  Moulton  was  chiefly  famous  for  his  contributions  to  the  study 
of  New  Testament  Greek,  but  he  gained  distinction  also  as  an  expon- 
ent of  Zoroastrianism.  The  two  fields  of  research  seem  remote  from 
each  other,  but  it  is  easy  to  see  how  he  reached  them  both  from  a 
common  starting-point.  He  took  the  Classical  Tripos  at  Cambridge, 
he  won  the  Gold  Medal  in  Classics  at  the  University  of  London  and 
received  from  it  his  Doctorate  of  Literature.  He  took  a  First  Class  at 
Cambridge  with  distinction  in  Philology.  His  study  of  Comparative 
Philology  led  him  from  Latin  and  Greek  to  Sanscrit  and  Iranian. 
From  the  Iranian  language  he  was  naturally  led  to  the  literature  and 
the  religion,  and  thus  he  became  one  of  our  very  few  experts  in  Zoro- 
astrianism. His  preoccupation  with  the  language  of  the  New  Testa- 
ment was  due  in  part  to  his  father's  conspicuous  services  to  this  sub- 
ject. He  had  translated  Winer's  "  Grammar  of  New  Testament 
Greek  "  into  English,  making  many  additions  and  improvements,  and 
regret  was  expressed  that  so  much  labour  should  have  been  spent  on 
the  work  of  another  man  by  one  who  had  it  in  his  power  to  write  a  much 
better  book  of  his  own.  The  "  Grammar  "  by  no  means  exhausted 
Dr.  W.  F.  Moulton' s  contribution  to  the  interpretation  of  the  New 
Testament.  He  was  one  of  the  New  Testament  Revisers  and  he 
undertook  very  heavy  labours  for  the  edition  of  the  Revised  New 
Testament  with  fuller  references.  In  this  connection  it  may  be  added 
that  he  co-operated  with  Hort  and  Westcott  in  the  revision  of  the 


12  THE  JOHN  RYLANDS  LIBRARY 


Book  of  Wisdom  and  the  Second  Book  of  Maccabees  for  the  Revised 
Version  of  the  Apocrypha.  The  important  concordance  to  the  Greek 
Testament,  known  as  Moulton  and  Geden,  owes  most  to  the  latter 
scholar,  since  Dr.  Moulton  through  pressure  of  other  duties  was  un- 
able to  participate  to  any  great  extent  in  the  task.  It  was  his  hope  in 
collaboration  with  his  son  to  prepare  a  thoroughly  revised  edition  of 
the  "  Grammar,"  but  his  death  forbade  the  realization  of  this  scheme. 
It  was  accordingly  natural  that  Dr.  James  Moulton  should,  on  his 
father  s  death,  take  up  the  project  which  had  been  left  unfulfilled. 
But  this  would  have  been  impossible  if  his  equipment  had  not  emin- 
ently qualified  him  for  it.  His  classical  training  had  given  him  the 
indispensable  preparation, 'and  his  expert  knowledge  of  the  Compara- 
tive Philology  of  the  Indo-European  language  proved  of  especial 
value.  It  is  regrettable  that  he  published  very  little  on  Comparative 
Philology.  Apart  from  articles  I  can  only  refer  to  an  admirable  little 
volume  entitled  "  Two  Lectures  on  the  Science  of  Language  They 
are  popular  lectures,  the  former  of  them  dealing  strictly  with  Com- 
parative Philology,  the  latter  with  the  evidence  afforded  by  a  study 
of  language  for  the  reconstruction  of  primitive  history. 

What  we  should  have  had  a  right  to  expect  from  him  would  have 
been  a  Grammar  of  the  New  Testament,  accurate  and  complete,  a 
monument  of  finished  scholarship  and  lucid  exposition.  That  would 
have  been  of  great  value,  but  its  publication,  while  it  would  have  won 
for  the  author  wide  and  deserved  recognition,  would  not  have  attracted 
the  attention  that  was  at  once  directed  to  the  first  volume  of  "A 
Grammar  of  New  Testament  Greek,'*  published  in  1906  and  contain- 
ing the  "  Prolegomena  The  discovery  of  new  material  had  brought 
with  it  a  revolution.  The  great  scholars  of  the  nineteenth  century 
had  written  their  grammars  and  commentaries  from  a  standpoint  which 
the  new  discoveries  did  much  to  antiquate.  The  New  Testament 
was  approached  from  Classical  Greek,  and  the  same  grammatical  rules 
were  supposed  to  apply  in  one  as  in  the  other,  and  the  senses  of 
words  in  the  New  Testament  were  fixed  by  their  significance  in  clas- 
sical writing.  A  great  number  of  papyri  had,  however,  been  discovered 
in  Egypt.  Some  of  these  were  valuable  to  the  Greek  scholar  as  re- 
storing lost  works  of  Greek  literature  or  supplying  us  with  new  texts 
of  works  which  we  already  possessed.  But  along  with  these  there 
were  very  many  papyri  with  no  pretention  to  literary  character. 


JAMES  HOPE  MOULTON 


13 


Business  documents,  leases,  wills,  and  in  particular  private  letters, 
came  to  light  in  great  numbers.  The  credit  for  realizing  the  bearing 
of  these  documents  on  the  study  of  New  Testament  Greek  does  not 
indeed  belong  to  Dr.  Moulton.  It  was  a  young  German  scholar, 
Dr.  Deissmann,  who  first  saw  the  bearing  of  the  new  discoveries  on 
the  Greek  of  the  New  Testament.  In  his  "  Bible  Studies  "  he  stated 
and  defended  the  thesis  that  a  large  number  of  words  hitherto  sup- 
posed to  be  Biblical  were  really  current  in  the  spoken  Greek  of  the 
first  century.  Deissmann's  researches  were  chiefly  occupied  with  the 
vocabulary,  though  of  course  the  grammar  received  occasional  notice. 
Dr.  Moulton  was  quite  convinced  by  Deissmann's  arguments,  and  his 
own  researches  into  the  vocabulary  gave  independent  confirmation. 
But  the  new  thesis  had  to  be  thoroughly  tested  in  the  domain  of 
grammar,  and  the  very  extended  researches  which  Dr.  Moulton  carried 
through  convinced  him  that  alike  in  vocabulary  and  grammar  Biblical 
Greek,  except  where  it  was  translation  Greek,  was  simply  the  verna- 
cular of  daily  life.  The  language  of  the  Holy  Ghost  was  just  the 
language  of  the  common  people.  The  theory  met  of  course  with 
hostile  criticism,  in  particular  this  centred  on  the  question  of  Semitism 
in  the  New  Testament.  It  had  long  been  held  that  the  Greek  of  the 
New  Testament  was  Hebraic  Greek,  and  this  position  seemed  to  be 
established  by  the  presence  of  Semitic  constructions  in  it.  But  the 
case  was  altered  when  these  constructions  were  found  in  papyri  written 
by  Gentiles.  It  was  contended  in  reply  that  the  constructions  might 
have  come  into  the  colloquial  Greek  under  Jewish  influence.  But 
this  seemed  improbable,  inasmuch  as  examples  were  found  in  districts 
where  Jewish  influence  could  hardly  if  at  all  be  traced.  Dr.  Moulton 
also  considered  that  survival  of  such  constructions  in  modern  Greek 
excluded  the  hypothesis  of  Semitic  origin. 

In  spite,  however,  of  dissent  the  book  was  recognized  as  inaugurating 
a  new  epoch  in  the  study  of  New  Testament  Greek  on  its  grammatical 
side.  Deissmann  was  of  course  delighted  that  a  scholar  so  magnifi- 
cently equipped  should  range  himself  at  his  side  and  do  for  the 
grammar  what  he  had  done  for  the  vocabulary.  Harnack  spoke  of 
him  as  "  the  foremost  expert  in  New  Testament  Greek  ".  All  who 
are  familiar  with  grammatical  and  exegetical  literature  on  the  New 
Testament  will  be  well  aware  how  deep  an  impress  it  has  left  on  the 
books  published  within  the  last  ten  years.    It  was  translated  into 


14 


THE  JOHN  RYLANDS  LIBRARY 


German  from  the  third  edition  with  considerable  additions,  and  the 
translation  was  dedicated  by  Professor  Moulton  to  the  University 
of  Berlin,  which  had  given  him  his  Doctorate  in  Theology  on  the 
occasion  of  its  centenary. 

It  is  deplorable  that  the  author's  untimely  death  has  left  his  task 
incomplete.  The  second  volume  was  largely  finished  before  he  left 
for  India,  but  for  the  third  volume,  which,  as  containing  the  syntax, 
would  have  been  the  largest  and  most  important,  I  fear  little,  if  any, 
material  has  been  left.  A  cognate  work  will  also  suffer  seriously.  In 
collaboration  with  Professor  George  Milligan  he  wrote  for  "  The 
Expositor  "  a  series  of  lexical  notes  on  the  papyri.  These  form  the 
basis  of  an  elaborate  work  entitled  "  The  Vocabulary  of  the  Greek 
Testament  Illustrated  from  the  Papyri  and  other  Non-literary 
Sources  ".  I  hope  that  the  original  intention  will  be  carried  to  its 
completion  in  spite  of  Dr.  Moulton's  death.  Of  the  six  parts  of 
which  it  was  designed  to  consist  two  have  already  appeared  ;  a  large 
amount  of  material  has,  I  understand,  been  already  collected  for  the 
third  ;  and  I  trust  that  Dr.  Milligan  may  find  it  possible  to  bring  the 
great  enterprise  to  a  triumphant  close. 

I  must  touch  but  briefly  on  other  sides  of  his  New  Testament 
work.  He  published  an  "  Introduction  to  the  Study  of  New  Testa- 
ment Greek,"  which  serves  its  purpose  as  a  beginner's  book  admirably. 
He  developed,  defended,  and  popularized  his  views  on  this  subject  in 
numerous  articles.  A  series  of  popular  lectures  delivered  at  Northfield 
was  published  while  he  was  in  India  entitled  "  From  Egyptian 
Rubbish  Heaps  ".  It  is  full  of  interesting  facts,  brightly  presented, 
and  lighting  up  many  passages  in  the  New  Testament.  Alongside 
of  the  facts  there  are  several  suggestions,  some  of  them  too  speculative 
in  character,  I  fear,  to  secure  acceptance  from  New  Testament  scholars. 

I  turn  now  to  speak  with  diffidence  of  his  work  on  Zoroastrianism. 
Apart  from  important  articles  of  which  I  mention  that  entitled  4 *  It  is 
his  Angel  "  in  "  The  Journal  of  Theological  Studies,"  and  that  on 
"  Zoroastrianism  "  in  Hastings'  44  Dictionary  of  the  Bible,"  his  publi- 
cations consist  at  present  of  his  Cambridge  manual  44  Early  Religious 
Poetry  of  Persia  "  and  his  44  Hibbert  Lectures  ".  I  believe  that  a 
volume  of  lectures  to  the  Parsees  has  been  published  in  India,  and  I 
understand  that  the  volume  on  44  Parsism  "in  44  The  Religious  Quest 
of  India  "  series  is  ready  for  the  press.    The  little  volume  in  the 


JAMES  HOPE  MOULTON 


15 


series  of  Cambridge  manuals  forms  an  excellent  introduction  to  the 
subject.  The  "  Hibbert  Lectures,"  on  the  other  hand,  presuppose 
the  student's  acquaintance  with  the  groundwork  and  are  occupied 
with  an  examination  of  selected  features  of  the  religion,  and  those  the 
most  important.  The  work  is  marked  not  only  by  great  erudition 
tut  by  much  originality.  I  am  afraid  that  it  would  take  far  too  much 
space  even  to  sketch  briefly  the  questions  at  issue.  The  paradoxical 
view  put  forward  by  Darmsteter  that  Zarathushtra  never  existed  and 
that  the  Gathas  are  no  earlier  than  the  first  century  of  our  era  is  con- 
vincingly refuted.  It  has  found  practically  no  favour  among  experts, 
but  the  question  is  so  vital  that  Professor  Moulton  deals  with  it  at 
length.  As  to  the  date  of  Zarathushtra  he  regards  him  as  certainly 
not  later  than  660-583  B.C.,  to  which  tradition  assigns  him,  but  he  is 
impressed  by  the  strength  of  the  argument  for  regarding  him  as  some 
generations  earlier.  But  for  several  centuries  he  supposes  that  the 
more  esoteric  elements  in  his  teaching  did  not  pass  beyond  Bactria 
where  the  prophet  had  taught.  The  doctrine  moved  westward,  not 
in  its  pure  form  but  in  the  form  given  it  by  the  Magi.  His  view  of 
the  Magi  and  their  relation  to  Zoroastrianism  is  fundamental  for  the 
whole  discussion  and  the  most  original  part  of  his  work.  He  believes 
that  the  Magi  were  non-Aryans,  a  priestly  tribe,  with  primitive 
practices,  who  claimed,  though  wrongly,  that  the  prophet  was  one  of 
themselves  and,  adapting  such  elements  of  his  teaching  as  they  could 
accept,  popularized  it  as  thus  transformed.  It  is  important  then  to 
detect  the  elements  in  the  "  Avesta  "  which  are  due  to  them,  and 
he  uses  as  his  test  a  comparison  between  Magianism  and  Parsism. 
Such  elements  of  Magianism  as  are  absent  from  Parsism  he  regards 
as  non-Zoroastrian  and  with  this  clue  seeks  to  determine  the  Magian 
element  in  the  "  Avesta  He  argues  against  Eduard  Meyer  that 
Cyrus  was  not  a  Zoroastrian,  Darius  being  the  first  of  the  Achae- 
menian  kings  who  was  a  true  Zoroastrian,  though  the  religion  as  he 
knew  it  had  lost  its  original  purity.  Most  students  no  doubt  will  feel 
that  the  subject  lies  outside  their  beat,  but  not  a  few  may  be  glad  to 
know  that  at  several  points  it  deals  with  problems  of  interest  to 
Biblical  scholars,  notably  in  the  chapter  entitled  "  Zarathushtra  and 
Israel 

But  Professor  Moulton  was  not  simply  a  great  scholar.  He  was 
deeply  interested  in  practical  problems,  especially  those  of  social 


16 


THE  JOHN  RYLANDS  LIBRARY 


amelioration.  Religion  always  claimed  the  first  place.  He  was  an 
enthusiast  for  missions.  His  wide  acquaintance  with  other  religions, 
and  his  expert  familiarity  with  some  of  them,  in  no  way  shook  his  con- 
viction as  to  the  supremacy  of  his  own.  He  saw  in  it  the  satisfaction 
of  all  those  lofty  aspirations  which  found  imperfect  expression  in  other 
religions.  To  these  lower  forms  of  faith  he  desired  to  give  the  fullest 
sympathy.  For  Zoroastrianism,  in  particular,  he  had  a  genuine  en- 
thusiasm, regarding  it  as  the  purest  form  of  non- Biblical  religion. 
Hence  when  it  fell  to  his  lot  to  deliver  the  Fernley  Lecture  in  the 
centenary  year  of  the  Wesley  an  Missionary  Society  he  chose  as  his 
subject  "  Religions  and  Religion  In  this  work  I  call  special  attention 
to  the  discussions  in  the  second  and  third  chapters.  In  the  latter  of 
these  he  works  out  the  thesis  that  Christianity  is  the  crown  of  all  re- 
ligions, it  takes  the  better  elements  in  them  and  carries  them  to  a  higher 
power.  I  do  not  of  course  place  this  volume  in  the  same  category  as 
his  "  Grammar,"  his  "  Hibbert  Lectures"  or  the  "  Vocabulary  of  the 
Greek  Testament ".  The  quality  of  his  work  rose  the  more  rigidly 
scientific  it  was,  but  the  selection  of  such  a  theme  for  his  Fernley 
Lecture  and  the  sympathetic  temper  in  which  it  was  handled  are  very 
significant  indications  of  the  principles  and  convictions  which  dominated 
his  attitude  to  life.  The  loss  of  such  a  man  is  irreparable.  Had  he 
been  spared  to  complete  his  grammar  and  the  vocabulary  his  friends 
would  still  have  grieved  deeply  for  one  whom  no  one  can  replace  in 
their  affections ;  and  learning  would  have  been  impoverished  by  his 
inability  to  accomplish  other  tasks  for  which  he  was  singularly  qualified. 
But  he  has  been  taken  from  us  with  great  tasks  only  partially  ac- 
complished and  leaving  no  one  with  his  peculiar  combination  of 
qualities.  And  none  of  us  can  miss  the  tragic  irony  in  his  death  that 
he  who  loved  peace  and  had  laboured  for  it,  who  had  desired  friend- 
ship with  Germany  and  whose  work  was  appreciated  by  none  more 
highly  than  by  German  scholars,  should  have  been  sent  to  his  prema- 
ture death  by  an  enemy  submarine. 


JAMES  HOPE  MOULTON 


17 


3.  LETTER  FROM  DR.  RENDEL  HARRIS  TO  THE 
REV.  W.  FIDDIAN  MOULTON. 

Grand  Hotel, 

Ajaccio  Corsica. 

Uth  April,  1917. 

My  dear  Friend, 

You  will  have  received  the  sad  news  of  my  first  telegram, 
and  will  have  been  waiting  and  watching  for  the  further  information 
with  regard  to  the  passing  over  of  your  beloved. 

I  am  not  able  to  write  a  great  deal  and  much  of  what  I  would 
say  must  wait  until  I  return,  first  of  all  because  we  were  strongly  ad- 
vised not  to  communicate  any  details  as  to  the  passage  of  our  un- 
fortunate vessel,  and  second  because  it  is  too  painful  to  recall  in  detail 
the  horrors  of  the  days  of  exposure  and  collapse.  I  think  that  what 
operated  in  his  case  to  diminish  his  power  of  resistance  was,  first  of 
all,  physical  weakness,  which  had  shown  itself  on  the  way  home  from 
India  in  a  violent  outbreak  of  boils  on  the  face  and  neck  causing  him 
much  pain  and  inconvenience, — but  on  the  other  side  he  succumbed 
to  superior  spiritual  attractions  which  he  felt  a  long  time  before  the 
ship  was  struck.  He  talked  about  his  dear  ones  in  johannine  lan- 
guage as  going  over  to  prepare  places  for  one  another,  and  the  spiritual 
tension  was  evidently  stronger  than  even  strong  language  expressed. 
Those  on  the  other  side  stood  to  him  Christ-wise,  saying  Christ's 
words  and  doing  Christ's  deeds  to  him  as  they  had  done  to  one 
another.  Under  these  circumstances  it  is  not  strange  that  he  should 
have  collapsed,  but  he  played  a  hero's  part  in  the  boat. 

He  toiled  at  the  oar  till  sickness  overcame  him  :  he  assisted  to 
bale  out  the  boat  and  to  bury  (is  that  the  right  word  ?)  the  bodies  of 
those  who  fell.  He  said  words  of  prayer  over  poor  Indian  sailors, 
and  never  never  complained  or  lost  heart  for  a  moment  through  the 
whole  of  the  three  days  and  more  of  his  patience,  though  the  waves 
were  often  breaking  over  him  and  the  water  must  have  often  been  up 
to  his  middle.  He  passed  away  very  rapidly  at  the  end  and  was 
gone  before  I  could  get  to  him.  His  body  was  lying  on  the  edge  of 
the  boat,  and  I  kissed  him  for  you  all  and  said  some  words  of  love 
which  he  was  past  hearing  outwardly.  There  was  no  opportunity  to 
take  from  his  body  anything  except  his  gold  watch,  and  one  or  two 
trifles  which  are  in  my  keeping.  I  could  not  search  him  for  papers, 
indeed  I  doubt  if  he  had  brought  any  with  him  from  the  ship. 


18  THE  JOHN  RYLANDS  LIBRARY 


During  the  whole  of  the  voyage  his  mind  was  marvellously  alert 
and  active.  He  talked,  and  read  and  wrote  incessantly, — and 
preached  on  the  Sundays.  On  the  way  home  he  had  read  the  whole 
of  the  "  Odyssey  "  in  the  small  Pickering  edition  ;  and  amongst  his  first 
remarks  to  me  was  his  opinion  as  to  the  disparity  of  the  23rd  book 
with  the  rest  of  the  poem. 

One  strange  and  beautiful  experience  we  shared  together  with 

Major  of  the  Abyssinian  Embassy  who  was  returning  to 

England.  We  developed  literary  sympathies,  and  one  day  the  con- 
versation turned  on  4 '  Lycidas  The  Major  knew  it  by  heart — so 
did  J.  H.  M.,  or  almost  by  heart.  I  was  a  bad  third  in  the  recitation, 
and  when  we  halted  for  a  passage  J.  H.  M.  ran  to  his  cabin  and 
brought  his  pocket  copy  of  Milton  to  verify  doubtful  words  with. 
How  little  we  suspected  what  was  the  meaning  of  our  exercise. 
They  laughed  at  my  delight  over  the  sounding  sentences  and  I  had 
to  explain  that  it  made  my  blood  tingle  :  but  we  did  not  know  that 
the  amber  flow  of  that  Elysian  speech  had  become  once  more  sacra- 
mental and  that  we  were  really  reciting  the  liturgy  of  the  dead,  that 
"  Lycidas,  your  sorrow  is  not  dead,  sunk  though  he  be  beneath  the 
ocean  floor  '\  He  had  his  own  "  solemn  troop  "  and  his  own  "  sweet 
society  "  to  make  him  welcome. 

It  is  one  of  our  Lord's  sayings  that  one  shall  be  taken  and  another 
shall  be  left,  and  the  words  lie  dormant  in  meaning  long  spaces  of 
time, — then  rise  up  and  smite  us  in  the  face.  Why  was  one  taken 
and  the  other  left  ?  Why  did  that  fatal,  that  "  perfidious  bark  "  dis- 
criminate between  the  "  sacred  head  that  it  sunk  low  "  and  the  one 
which  was  so  much  whiter  to  the  harvest  ?  But  for  questions  like 
these  there  is  no  answer  yet.  I  would  tell  you  more  if  I  could,  but 
this  is  all  I  can  say  at  this  present. 

With  deep  sympathy, 

Your  friend  and  his, 

p.p.  Rendel  Harris, 

G.  O.  Innes. 

P.S. — Manu  mea  :  I  am  so  glad  to  have  been  with  him  these 
days  :  to  have  had  him  to  myself,  at  his  very  best.  So  Johannine, 
and  so  Pauline.  How  Pauline  we  have  become,  he  said  to  me  ; 
and  twice  over  he  quoted  some  great  lines  from  Myers'  "St.  Paul," 
to  add  to  the  ordinary  Corinthian  quotations. 


RECENT  AND  FORTHCOMING  PUBLICATIONS  OF 
THE  JOHN  RYLANDS  LIBRARY. 

CATALOGUE  t>F  THE  DEMOTIC  PAPYRI  IN  THE  JOHN  RYLANDS 
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CATALOGUE  OF  THE  COPTIC  MANUSCRIPTS  IN  THE  JOHN  RYLANDS 
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%*  The  collection  includes  a  series  of  private  letters  considerably  older  than  any  in  Coptic 
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CATALOGUE  OF  THE  GREEK  PAPYRI  IN  THE  JOHN  RYLANDS  LIBRARY. 
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collotype.  Vol.  2  :  Documents  of  the  Ptolemaic  and  Roman  periods  (Nos.  62-456).  1916 
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SUMERIAN  TABLETS  FROM  UMMA  IN  THE  JOHN  RYLANDS  LIBRARY. 
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A  CLASSIFIED  CATALOGUE  OF  THE  WORKS  ON  ARCHITECTURE  AND 
THE  ALLIED  ARTS  IN  THE  PRINCIPAL  LIBRARIES  OF  MANCHESTER 
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AN  ANALYTICAL  CATALOGUE  OF  THE  CONTENTS  OF  THE  TWO  EDI- 
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Is.  net. 

A<  BRIEF  HISTORICAL  DESCRIPTION  OF  THE  LIBRARY  AND  ITS  CON- 
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THE  JOHN  RYLANDS  FACSIMILES.  A  series  of  reproductions  of  some  of  the  more  in- 
teresting  and  important  of  the  rarer  books  in  the  possession  of  the  library.  The  volumes 
consist  of  minutely  accurate  facsimiles  of  the  works  selected,  preceded  by  bibliographical 
introductions. 

I  PROPOSITIO  JOHANNIS  RUSSELL,  printed  by  William  Caxton,  circa  A.D.  1476. 

.  .  .  With  an  introduction  by  Henry  Guppy.    1909.    8vo,  pp.  36,  8.    3s.  6d.  net. 

%*  An  oration,  pronounced  by  John  Russell,  Chancellor  of  England,  on  the  investiture  of 
Charles,  Duke  of  Burgundy,  with  the  Order  of  the  Garter,  in  February,  1469,  atl Ghent. 

For  many  years  the  copy  now  in  the  John  Rylands  Library  was  considered  to  be  unique. 
Until  1 807  it  lay  buried  and  unnoticed  in  the  heart  of  a  volume  of  manuscripts,  with  which  it  had 
evidently  been  bound  up  by  mistake.  Since  then,  another  copy  has  been  discovered  in  the  library 
at  Holkam  Hall,  the  seat  of  the  Earl  of  Leicester. 


2  A  BOOKE  IN  ENGLYSH  METRE,  of  the  Great  Marchaunt  man  called  "Dives  Prag- 
maticus".  .  .  .  1563.  .  .  .  With  an  introduction  by  Percy  E.  Newbery  ;  and  remarks  on 
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***  The  tract  here  reproduced  is  believed  to  be  the  sole  surviving  copy  of  a  quaint  little  primer 
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3.  A  LITIL  BOKE  the  whiche  traytied  andireherced  manygode  thinges  necessaries  for  the  .  .  . 

Pestilence  .  .  .  made  by  the  .  .  .  Bisshop  of  Arusiens.  .  .  .  [London],  [1485  ?].  .  .  . 

With  an  introduction  by  Guthrie  Vine.    1910.    4to,  pp.  xxxvi,  18.    5s.  net. 

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Is.  net. 


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